How Alaska’s DEC Is Addressing AFFF and PFAS Contamination
Alaska's really stepping up to face the environmental and health challenges that come with Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) and the chemicals tied to it, known as PFAS. These substances, which are pretty much everywhere in firefighting foams, have sparked some serious health concerns. So, the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) has rolled out new guidelines to manage these risks effectively. This blog dives into how these guidelines impact firefighters, community members, and the environment's safety. (Which, honestly, is pretty alarming.)
What Are PFAS and Why Should We Be Concerned?
PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are synthetic chemicals that have been in use since the 1950s in a bunch of products, including firefighting foams like AFFF. They're often called "forever chemicals" because they stick around, both in the environment and in our bodies, for a really long time. PFOS and PFOA are specific types of PFAS that you might find in older AFFF stocks, with PFOA sometimes forming as a byproduct during manufacturing. And that's concerning.
These chemicals have been linked to all sorts of health issues like liver damage, thyroid disease, decreased fertility, high cholesterol, obesity, hormone suppression, and even cancer. Plus, their knack for contaminating soil and water makes them a widespread concern. So what does this mean for you?
How Does AFFF Use Lead to PFAS Contamination?
AFFF is widely used in fire suppression systems, firefighting vehicles, and training facilities. When it's discharged, it can seep into the ground or run off into water bodies, contaminating soil and water sources. The DEC mandates that any PFAS-containing AFFF discharge must be reported immediately, as per regulation 18 AAC 75.300.
This regulation really highlights the need for effective containment and cleanup to prevent long-term environmental and health impacts. PFOS and PFOA are classified as hazardous substances under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), which underscores just how serious their contamination potential is.
What Should Firefighters and Communities Know About PFAS Exposure?
Firefighters and community members should definitely be aware of the risks associated with PFAS exposure from AFFF. Those older AFFF stocks, especially the ones containing PFOS, might still be hanging around due to their long shelf life. The DEC advises using these foams only in emergencies and disposing of them properly when possible.
Education and awareness about PFAS exposure are crucial. Firefighters and those affected should keep an eye on their health for symptoms linked to PFAS exposure and check in with healthcare providers for appropriate testing and health monitoring.
When Is PFAS Testing or Health Monitoring Necessary?
Individuals exposed to PFAS, especially those involved in firefighting or living near areas where AFFF is used, should consider regular testing and health monitoring. Symptoms to watch for include changes in liver enzymes, cholesterol levels, and thyroid function. Consulting a healthcare provider can help determine the need for specific tests based on exposure levels and health history. (And that's understandably important.)
What Are the Current Regulations and Resources for Managing PFAS-Containing AFFF?
As of 2025, EPA regulations continue to emphasize the importance of managing PFAS contamination. The DEC provides guidelines for selecting, storing, using, and disposing of AFFF. They encourage best management practices (BMPs) to minimize risks.
- AFFF containing PFAS cannot be discarded at sea, in landfills, or through sewage systems. It must be handled by licensed waste disposal companies.
The DEC offers a Firefighting Substance Disposal Reimbursement program to assist Alaskans with disposal costs. (Which is, thankfully, a huge help.)
How Can Individuals Protect Themselves and Their Families?
Community members can protect against PFAS exposure by staying informed about local contamination sites, advocating for regular water quality testing, and using water filters certified to reduce PFAS levels. Choosing PFAS-free consumer products is also a smart move.
Firefighters can advocate for safer alternative foams and ensure proper training on using and disposing of PFAS-containing foams. Staying informed about regulations and participating in health monitoring programs is crucial for safety.
The Alaska DEC's efforts to manage PFAS contamination underscore the importance of regulatory oversight and community involvement in tackling these environmental health issues. By staying informed and proactive, firefighters and community members can help reduce the risks associated with PFAS exposure.
