Washington State's Fight Against PFAS in Firefighting Foam
Firefighting foam, especially Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF), is under scrutiny for containing PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), often called "forever chemicals." These substances persist in the environment and pose potential health risks. The Washington State Department of Ecology is actively regulating AFFF to mitigate these risks. This article examines the impact of these regulations on firefighters, communities, and environmental health.
What Is AFFF and Why Is It Used?
Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) is used to extinguish liquid-based fires, such as oil or gasoline fires, by forming a film that cuts off the fire's oxygen supply. While effective, AFFF contains PFAS, synthetic chemicals resistant to water and grease, which persist in the environment, posing significant challenges to health and ecology.
How Does AFFF Contribute to PFAS Contamination?
AFFF significantly contributes to PFAS contamination, especially in water systems. In Washington, it is a primary source of PFAS in drinking water, resulting from firefighting, system testing, and accidental releases. PFAS dissolve in water, contaminating groundwater and drinking water due to their high mobility.
Why Is PFAS a Health Concern?
PFAS exposure is linked to health issues like cancers, reproductive problems, and immune system toxicity. These chemicals accumulate in the body over time, hence the term "forever chemicals." Nearly all Americans have detectable PFAS levels in their blood, raising public health concerns. As of 2025, EPA regulations mandate ongoing monitoring and research to understand PFAS's health impacts better.
What Are Washington State's Current Regulations on AFFF?
Due to PFAS's harmful effects, Washington enacted the Toxics in Firefighting law in 2018, limiting AFFF's manufacture, sale, and use for non-emergency purposes like fire training. While AFFF is still allowed for actual emergencies, the state offers a collection and disposal program to help fire departments manage AFFF supplies safely, providing a no-cost disposal solution to reduce environmental contamination risks.
What Should Firefighters and Communities Know About PFAS Exposure?
Firefighters and community members should be aware of PFAS exposure risks. Those who have worked with or lived near AFFF sites should monitor their health for symptoms linked to PFAS exposure, such as hormonal imbalances or unusual cancer diagnoses. Consulting health professionals about testing for PFAS levels in blood is advisable.
How Can Affected Individuals Protect Themselves?
Individuals can reduce PFAS exposure by staying informed about local water quality and using filtration systems that remove PFAS from drinking water. Keeping up with local regulations and participating in community discussions about environmental health are also beneficial. Firefighters should follow safety guidelines when handling AFFF and use available protective equipment.
What Resources Are Available for Affected Individuals?
Washington's AFFF collection and disposal program is a crucial resource for fire departments managing foam stockpiles. Community members can find information on PFAS reduction strategies on the Washington State Department of Ecology's website. Public health organizations also offer guidelines and support for those seeking health screenings related to PFAS exposure.
As awareness and regulation of PFAS continue to evolve, staying informed and proactive is essential for protecting public health and the environment from the adverse effects of firefighting foams.
